Volcanic Eruptions and Hazards — Types, Structures, and Global Impacts Explained | Chapter 9 from Earth: Portrait of a Planet
Volcanic Eruptions and Hazards — Types, Structures, and Global Impacts Explained | Chapter 9 from Earth: Portrait of a Planet What makes volcanoes so powerful and dangerous? Chapter 9 of Earth: Portrait of a Planet by Stephen Marshak takes you deep into the world of volcanic activity—unraveling the forces, eruption types, and hazards that shape our planet and threaten civilization. For an expert summary in podcast form, watch the YouTube chapter video or read below for a full educational breakdown. The Products of Volcanic Eruptions Volcanoes produce a variety of materials: Lava: Molten rock that solidifies as pahoehoe (smooth, ropy) or a’a’ (rough, jagged) flows. Pyroclastic Debris: Ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs, and blocks ejected during explosions. Volcanic Gases: Water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and others that influence eruption style and hazard. Why Do Volcanoes Erupt Differently? The style of eruption depends on magma viscosity (thickness)...