Last Minute Lecture

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing — DNA Replication, Transcription & Secretion Explained | Chapter 6 of Brock Biology of Microorganisms Welcome back to Last Minute Lecture , your trusted source for in-depth, chapter-by-chapter textbook breakdowns. In this post, we explore Chapter 6 of Brock Biology of Microorganisms , which focuses on the central dogma of molecular biology: the flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein. This chapter also covers how proteins are folded, modified, and exported — all critical processes in microbial life. 🎥 Watch the full video summary here: This guide is ideal for biology students, especially those preparing for exams or reviewing molecular genetics, microbiology, or biochemistry. Let’s dive into how genetic information drives microbial structure and function. The Central Dogma and Genetic Elements The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information: DNA → RNA → Protein DNA exists a...

Gene Expression — Transcription, Translation, and Mutations Explained | Chapter 17 of Campbell Biology Welcome to Last Minute Lecture! This post covers gene expression, the fundamental process by which genetic information flows from DNA to protein, as detailed in Chapter 17 of Campbell Biology . Explore the central dogma, transcription, translation, mutations, and cutting-edge gene-editing technologies. Watch the full video summary below and subscribe for clear, chapter-by-chapter molecular biology guides! Introduction: The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Gene expression describes how the genetic code in DNA is ultimately used to build proteins. The central dogma—DNA → RNA → Protein—summarizes the flow of genetic information in all living organisms, linking genotype to phenotype. Transcription: DNA to mRNA Transcription: RNA polymerase reads a DNA template, synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA Processing in Eukaryotes: Addition of a 5′ cap, poly-A tail, and...