Last Minute Lecture

Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis — Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation Explained | Chapter 7 of Karp’s Cell and Molecular Biology Chapter 7 of Karp’s Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments explores how genetic information encoded in DNA is transformed into functional proteins through the multistep process of gene expression. This chapter provides a thorough overview of transcription, RNA processing, translation, and gene regulation, illustrating how cells control when and how proteins are produced. This expanded summary deepens the concepts covered in the YouTube video and offers a structured, clear resource for students studying molecular biology or preparing for exams. For a guided explanation of each stage in gene expression, watch the video above. If you are finding these chapter summaries helpful, consider subscribing to the Last Minute Lecture YouTube channel to follow along with the entire textbook. Overview of Gene Expression Gene expr...

The Flow of Genetic Information — DNA Replication, Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation Explained | Chapter 5 of Karp’s Cell and Molecular Biology Chapter 5 of Karp’s Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments examines one of the most foundational themes in modern biology: how cells store, replicate, and express genetic information. This chapter builds a detailed picture of the molecular mechanisms behind the central dogma—DNA → RNA → Protein—while integrating key experiments and enzymatic processes that make genetic expression possible. This expanded post enriches the concepts covered in the YouTube summary and provides a structured, high-level learning resource for students studying cellular and molecular biology. Be sure to watch the full chapter video above for a guided walkthrough of each process. If you find these breakdowns helpful, subscribing to Last Minute Lecture ensures you never miss a new textbook chapter summary. The Central Dogma of Molecu...