Last Minute Lecture

How Biology Shapes Personality — Summary of Chapter 8 from The Personality Puzzle Chapter 8 of The Personality Puzzle by David C. Funder examines the biological roots of personality—how the brain, neurotransmitters, and hormones shape our thoughts, emotions, and actions. This chapter integrates neuroscience with psychology to provide a deeper understanding of why we behave the way we do. Personality as a Biological Process Although personality appears stable, it is deeply intertwined with biological systems that are both adaptive and dynamic. Researchers use modern tools such as: Brain imaging (fMRI, PET scans) to study activity patterns linked to traits. Lesion studies (e.g., the case of Phineas Gage) to observe personality changes after brain damage. Neurochemical analysis to understand how neurotransmitters and hormones shape emotional and cognitive functioning. Key Brain Structures and Personality Amygdala: Regulates emotional responses, especially fe...

How Personality Changes Over Time — Summary of Chapter 7 from The Personality Puzzle Chapter 7 of The Personality Puzzle by David C. Funder explores the fascinating balance between personality stability and change. While core traits often remain consistent, this chapter illustrates how development, life events, and intentional actions can gradually reshape our personalities throughout life. Personality Stability Across the Lifespan Personality is often stable in relative terms. This concept—known as rank-order consistency —means that people tend to maintain their standing on traits compared to others. For example, a child who is more conscientious than peers is likely to remain so in adulthood. Stability is influenced by: Genetic predispositions Early experiences Person-environment transactions: Individuals select, influence, and adapt to environments that reinforce their traits. The Maturity Principle Personality also changes in systematic ways over time. The ...