Last Minute Lecture

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals — Hormones, Signal Transduction, and Adaptation Explained | Chapter 39 of Campbell Biology Plants are dynamic organisms capable of perceiving and responding to an array of internal and external signals—light, gravity, temperature, touch, water, and threats from herbivores and pathogens. Chapter 39 of Biology reveals the intricate signaling pathways and hormonal controls that allow plants to grow, adapt, and survive in constantly changing environments. This chapter guides you through the fundamental mechanisms of signal transduction, hormone function, photoreceptor activity, and plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Watch the full podcast summary below, then continue reading for key concepts, glossary terms, and real-world examples of plant adaptation and defense. Introduction: How Plants Sense and Respond Plants rely on a sophisticated system of receptors, hormones, and signal transduction pathways to detect envir...

Cell Communication — Signal Transduction, Second Messengers, and Apoptosis Explained | Chapter 11 of Campbell Biology Welcome to Last Minute Lecture! This post explores cell communication and signaling—the intricate processes that allow cells to receive, process, and respond to information from their environment, as detailed in Chapter 11 of Campbell Biology . Understanding these pathways is essential for grasping how cells coordinate growth, immunity, and development. Watch the full video summary below and subscribe for more clear, chapter-by-chapter science learning! Introduction: Why Cell Communication Matters Cell signaling enables organisms to coordinate activities, respond to environmental changes, and maintain homeostasis. Chapter 11 explains the universal mechanisms underlying local and long-distance cell communication, signal transduction, and programmed cell death. Types of Cell Signaling Local Signaling: Direct Contact: Cells communicate via ce...