Last Minute Lecture

Signal Transduction Mechanisms — Receptors, Second Messengers, and Cellular Response Pathways Explained | Chapter 12 of Karp’s Cell and Molecular Biology Chapter 12 of Karp’s Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments provides a comprehensive exploration of signal transduction—the molecular processes that allow cells to detect, interpret, and respond to external stimuli. These signaling pathways enable cells to coordinate growth, metabolism, gene expression, movement, and survival. This expanded summary deepens the concepts covered in the YouTube video and offers clear explanations for students learning how complex signaling networks maintain cellular responsiveness and adaptability. Be sure to watch the video above for a guided overview of the pathways discussed in this chapter. If you're studying the Karp textbook, subscribing to Last Minute Lecture will help reinforce these concepts through structured chapter summaries. Introduction to Cell Signaling Cells...

Signal Transduction Pathways, Plant Receptors, and Cellular Communication Explained | Chapter 15 of Plant Physiology and Development Chapter 15 of Plant Physiology and Development examines the complex signaling systems plants use to detect internal and external cues and translate them into precise physiological responses. Signal transduction forms the foundation of plant communication, allowing cells to perceive environmental changes, hormones, pathogens, mechanical forces, and developmental cues. This chapter provides a detailed breakdown of receptors, second messengers, protein kinases, transcriptional regulators, and the sophisticated feedback loops that ensure specificity and adaptability in plant signaling. Watch the complete Last Minute Lecture lesson below for a clear and accessible summary of these mechanisms. Watch the full chapter explanation here: How Plants Detect and Process Signals Signal transduction begins when a stimulus activates a receptor. Receptors may b...