Potential Energy & Conservation Explained | Chapter 7 of University Physics
Potential Energy & Conservation Explained | Chapter 7 of University Physics Chapter 7 introduces potential energy as stored energy due to position or configuration and develops the principle of conservation of mechanical energy—an indispensable tool for solving physics problems with elegance and efficiency. Potential Energy Potential energy (U) represents energy stored within a system. Two key forms appear in this chapter: Gravitational Potential Energy For an object of mass m at height y above a reference level: U grav = m g y As the object moves under gravity, its potential energy converts to kinetic energy. The work done by gravity relates to the change in potential: W grav = –ΔU grav When only gravity does work, K + U remains constant. Elastic Potential Energy Springs store energy when displaced by x , following Hooke’s Law ( F = k x ): U el = ½ k x² Work done by or against a spring between positions x₁ and x₂ is: W = ½ k x₂² – ½ k x₁² In pure spr...