Last Minute Lecture

Regulation of Gene Expression — Operons, Epigenetics, and Noncoding RNAs Explained | Chapter 18 of Campbell Biology Welcome to Last Minute Lecture! This post explores the complex world of gene expression regulation, as presented in Chapter 18 of Campbell Biology . Learn how prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells control gene activity through operons, epigenetic modifications, transcription factors, and noncoding RNAs. Watch the full video summary below and subscribe for clear, chapter-by-chapter molecular biology breakdowns! Introduction: Why Regulating Gene Expression Matters Gene regulation ensures that the right genes are expressed at the right time, allowing cells to respond to environmental changes, specialize for different functions, and properly develop from a single fertilized egg. Misregulation can result in diseases like cancer. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes: The Operon Model Operons: Groups of bacterial genes regulated together under a single promoter. Examples...

The Cell Cycle — Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Cancer Explained | Chapter 12 of Campbell Biology Welcome to Last Minute Lecture! This post unpacks the cell cycle—the process by which cells grow, replicate DNA, and divide to produce genetically identical daughter cells—as described in Chapter 12 of Campbell Biology . Learn the steps of mitosis and cytokinesis, cell cycle regulation, and how errors in these processes can lead to cancer. Watch the full video summary below and subscribe for more concise, chapter-by-chapter science learning! Introduction: Why the Cell Cycle Matters The cell cycle is fundamental for growth, development, repair, and reproduction. Chapter 12 details how eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells divide, how chromosomes are distributed, and what happens when regulation fails—leading to cancer. The Cell Cycle and Its Phases Interphase (90% of the cycle): G1 Phase: Cell grows and carries out normal functions. S Phase: DNA is replicated fo...