Last Minute Lecture

Reading Comprehension and Language Processing in Cognitive Psychology — Chapter 10 Summary from Cognitive Psychology Reading is one of the most advanced cognitive tasks we perform—requiring coordination between vision, memory, and language. Chapter 10 of Cognitive Psychology unpacks how we process written language, from recognizing words and parsing sentences to understanding entire texts. In this chapter summary from Last Minute Lecture , we explore the mental processes behind reading comprehension and the factors that support or impair our ability to make meaning from print. Watch the full summary above or continue reading to understand how we visually scan text, mentally represent meaning, and adapt our reading strategies depending on content and context. How Reading Works: Eye Movements and Visual Processing Reading begins with visual input. We process text through rapid eye movements called saccades , interspersed with brief pauses known as fixations . During fixations...

Communication and Learning Disorders in Children — Chapter 7 Summary from Mash & Wolfe Chapter 7 of Child Psychopathology by Eric J. Mash and David A. Wolfe explores the challenges faced by children with communication and learning disorders—conditions that affect listening, speaking, reading, writing, and mathematical reasoning. These difficulties often interfere with academic performance and self-esteem but can be successfully addressed with early intervention and support. Learning Disability vs. Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) The chapter distinguishes between general learning disabilities —a broad term—and Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) , a formal diagnosis under the DSM-5-TR. SLD includes impairments in key academic domains: Dyslexia: Difficulty with reading fluency, word recognition, and comprehension. Dysgraphia: Struggles with handwriting, spelling, and written organization. Dyscalculia: Challenges with number sense, basic operations, and math reaso...