Last Minute Lecture

Introduction to Abnormal Psychology — Definitions, History, and Key Theories Explained | Chapter 1 of Essentials of Abnormal Psychology Abnormal psychology is the scientific study of unusual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion, often associated with psychological disorders. Chapter 1 of Essentials of Abnormal Psychology lays the foundation for understanding what defines abnormal behavior, how perspectives on mental health have evolved, and the integrative models that guide contemporary practice. This summary covers the definitions, historical developments, key theories, and essential concepts you’ll need for exam success. Watch the Chapter Summary Prefer to learn by listening? Watch the full podcast summary below and don’t forget to subscribe to the Last Minute Lecture channel for more chapter-based study guides. Defining Abnormal Behavior Abnormal behavior is typically defined as actions or patterns that cause significant distress, impair daily functioning, or...

Personality — Psychodynamic, Humanistic, and Social-Cognitive Perspectives Explained | Psychology Chapter 14 Summary This detailed summary of Chapter 14 from Principles of Psychology (13th Edition) by David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall explores personality — the characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting that define individuals. The chapter covers major personality theories including psychodynamic, humanistic, trait, and social-cognitive perspectives. Watch the full YouTube podcast summary for a comprehensive explanation of personality theories and assessments. Psychodynamic Theories Rooted in Freud’s psychoanalysis, psychodynamic theories emphasize the unconscious mind, childhood experiences, and defense mechanisms. Freud proposed a three-part personality: Id: Unconscious pleasure-seeking part demanding immediate gratification. Ego: Rational part balancing id and superego. Superego: Moral part representing internalized ideals and values. Freu...

Major Theories of Human Development — Summary of Chapter 2 from The Developing Person Through the Life Span How do we explain human growth, personality, and behavior across the lifespan? Chapter 2 of Kathleen Stassen Berger’s The Developing Person Through the Life Span introduces students to the most influential developmental theories in psychology. This chapter breaks down how leading thinkers like Freud, Erikson, Piaget, Vygotsky, and Skinner interpreted the complex journey of human development. Watch the video above for an audio summary of each theory, or read below for a structured guide to the foundational ideas shaping developmental psychology. Psychodynamic Theory: Freud and Erikson Sigmund Freud proposed that development occurs through a series of psychosexual stages , where unconscious desires and conflicts shape personality. Each stage focuses on different erogenous zones and unresolved conflicts that influence adult behavior. Erik Erikson extended Freud’s ide...

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory and the Unconscious Mind — Summary of Chapter 10 from The Personality Puzzle Chapter 10 of The Personality Puzzle by David C. Funder explores Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory—a foundational but controversial framework that has shaped modern psychology, psychotherapy, and culture. This chapter delves into Freud’s view of the mind, personality development, and the role of unconscious processes in human behavior. Core Principles of Psychoanalysis Psychic Determinism: All mental processes and behaviors have identifiable causes—nothing is random. Internal Structure: The psyche is divided into three parts: Id: Primitive drives and desires. Ego: The rational self that mediates between impulses and morality. Superego: Internalized societal values and conscience. Psychic Conflict: These internal parts often clash, creating unconscious tension and shaping personality. Libido (Mental Energy): A limite...