Psychoanalysis After Freud — Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Modern Research
Psychoanalysis After Freud — Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Modern Research Chapter 11 of The Personality Puzzle by David C. Funder explores how psychoanalytic theory continued to evolve after Freud. While Freud's focus on unconscious drives and sexuality sparked decades of controversy and revision, the core ideas of psychoanalysis live on in modern therapy, personality theory, and developmental psychology. Key Shifts in Neo-Freudian Thought Neo-Freudians revised many of Freud’s concepts, shifting the focus from biological instincts to social and developmental factors: Less emphasis on sex: Libido was reinterpreted as a drive for growth, creativity, and social bonds. More conscious focus: Ego psychology emphasized the role of rational thought and perception in shaping behavior. Social relationships: Rather than instincts, interpersonal dynamics—especially early caregiver relationships—are central to personality development. Influential Neo-Freudian T...